Water and its properties

WATER AND ITS PROPERTIES.

"Water Memory".
The model of "flickering clusters" is not able to elucidate a large number of both already known factors and factors, which have recently started to grow very fast. The two-century homeopathy practice indicates that pure water, judging by its chemical composition, can possess a colossal biological activity, and its particular activity depends on its prehistory [Voeykov V.L., 1997]. Nothing but not long ago the principles of homeopathy were experimentally acknowledged. In 1988 an article, produced by a large group of biologists from various countries under the direction of French immunologist J.Benveniste [Davenas E., et al., 1988], was published in "Nature". In this article, the principle of homeopathy was reproduced on a relatively simple biological model. Adding antibodies, specifically interacting with the basophiles (a type of human immune cells), to the latter, a violent reaction of the cells was observed. Under the reduction of concentration of antibodies in the solution, their effectiveness was naturally decreasing. However, it was found that if such lean solutions of antibodies, which no longer exerted any influence on the cells, were diluted, the effect suddenly started to manifest itself again. Moreover, making these dilutions the dependence of the effect upon the doze became perfectly unusual: in some dilutions the effect did show itself, in the other it disappeared and showed up again later (see fig.1).

Unfortunately, the reaction of the academic scientific world to the article by Benveniste and co-authors was not

Fig. 1. Dependence of the basophile degranulation (%, axis of ordinates) on the dilution rate of antibody solution (axis of abscissae, logarithm of dilution rate).

Such a regular change of biological activity of antibody "solutions" was observed right up to the dilution of 10-120, under which the probability of disclosing at least one albumen molecule in the water was infinitely small. For the experiment being successful in was important that after each dilution the new solution was carefully shaked. This method of diluting was entirely reproduced from the technique of preparation of homeopathy medications, developed as far back as by Haneman. The authors made an assumption that biological information transfer was carried out due to the fact that it was "stamped" in the water structure, in other words, they claimed that there existed "water memory".

Unfortunately, the reaction of the academic scientific world to the article by Benveniste and co-authors was not only negative, but sensu stricto scorching. Without any grounds (experiments, which could refute the facts presented by Benveniste, were by no one produced, while the acknowledgement of main results of their research work was obtained in independent laboratories [Endler P.C., et al., 1994; Schiff M., 1995]) Benveniste was almost accused of swindle and lost his job in Pasteur Institute, where he headed the laboratory [Schiff M., 1995].

In recent years Benveniste has been working in the laboratory established by him, where even more striking results have been obtained. A particular impression is made by Benveniste's experiments, in which specific biological information is transferred to the pure water, memorised by the water pattern, and then this information evokes a response in a biological test-system, having no direct contact with it. For the first time these experiments started in 1992. Soldered ampoule with BAM solution (for instance, neutrophile respiratory burst stimulator) is placed upon conducting reel. Through the electronic amplifier (the construction is not supposed to be open) the reel is connected with another reel of the same kind, to which a biological detector is adjusted (in the given case neutrophile suspension). The circuit current is switched on, and in some minutes biological response the respiratory burst intensity is registered. The reaction efficiency is compared with the respiratory intensity of cellular suspension before making contact, with the respiratory intensity, if, under switched on current, the ampoule with pure water or with solution of nonreactive isomer stimulator of respiratory burst was placed upon the takeup reel. However, if a soldered ampoule with pure water, having undergone 15 minutes processing by the signal of BAM solution placed on the "transmitting" reel under switched on circuit current, is put upon the takeup reel, the water obtains BAM activity [Thomas Y., et al., 1995].

Not long ago Benveniste has struck the world community by the fact that he learned to record biological information by electronic mediums (for example, CD-ROM), to store and transfer it at any distance using electronic communication facilities [Benveniste J., et al., 1999]. For instance, pathogenic E. coli bacterium culture, giving rise to the aggregation of latex particles, by which antibodies are attached to these cells, is taken. Bacterium suspension signal is recorded through a special interface to the hard disk of computer, having Sound Blaster 16 soundmap. Recorded in the form of wav-file, information is then "played back" on the test-tube with water, and the latter obtains antigene characteristics of the original cellular suspension. The effect's excess of the corresponding control is always reliable, although the effect magnitude varies daily. This technique gives an opportunity to detect immunogene substance at any distance from its location, which opens an important prospect for telediagnostics, for instance, of infectious diseases.

In spite of the fact that Benveniste conducts the experiments publicly, engages in their implementation independent scientists, who reproduce his results using his equipment [Senekowitsch F., et al., 1995], in 1998 he was "awarded" with a buffoonery "Nobel Prize". By these awards a certain consortium of American universities stigmatises "pseudo-scientists", who show their worth most brightly.

Benveniste is not the first and not the only explorer, having revealed the possibility of non-substantial (i.e. without direct interaction of molecule, possessing biological activity, with that or other cellular receptor) transfer of biological information. There are a lot of reports on similar experiments, and the greatest part belongs to our country. Nevertheless, Benveniste's research work is remarkable for the fact that it meets modern requirements of scientific biological experiment and analysis of results most strictly. And what is more, a very important and new conclusion results from Benveniste's experiments. Since computer soundmap is only able to record frequencies over the range from 1 Hz to about 20 KHz, all the specific sound information lies in the frequency SOUND band, and the frequency of modulated carrying wave is not important. In this connection the analogy with the information transfer from radio transmitter to radio set may be drawn. A radio station may broadcast on a frequency of, for example, 100 mHz and can be only communicated by tuning on this frequency. Still, the information we perceive, transmitted on this frequency, lies in the sound range.

A special role of frequency sound range in influence on various biological objects was discovered by the Leningrad physiologists under the direction of D.Nasonov as long as some tens of years ago. In 1940 D.Nasonov and V.Alexandrov formulated the theory of paranecrosis. According to this theory, the reaction of a living cell to any specific or non-specific irritation involves global reconstruction of its cytoplasm state. Such a state shows itself, particularly, since vital colorants, weakly bound in the resting cell by its molecular components, after its irritation by various factors, including natural physiological irritants, start colouring these components intensively. According to Nasonov and Alexandrov, the intensification of binding together colorants and proteins indicates the rise of their dispersion degree and the transition from one phase state to the other. Using this approach it was demonstrated that the insonification of a wide variety of physiological models (isolated muscle, neuromuscular medication, cell culture) leads to a convertible panecrotic reaction [Nasonov D.N., 1963]. The effect can not be justified by trivial reasons, for instance, by tissue warming-up, as far as the energy, liberated under the tissue absorption of sound waves of the applied intensity, can warm it up to thousandths of degrees at the most. Particularly interesting appeared to be the graphic chart of reaction intensity and sound wave frequency the maximum of influence effectiveness accounted for 4-5 kHz, which corresponds with the maximum of sound sensitivity of human ear.

Thereby, the data, received by Nasonov and Benveniste, points out that a biological object regardless of its nature (microorganisms, blood cells, isolated organs and tissues, and finally, an entire human being) specifically (Benveniste) or non-specifically (Nasonov) perceives vibrations over the range of their sound frequency. These objects are unified by the fact that all of them are water systems. A supposition arises that a primary "target", with which the sound frequency vibrations interact, is water. Within the scope of standard water model, this supposition is false, since in the "model" water there are no structures and processes, which could be excited by sound waves. However, as appears from the below, lately it was conclusively proved that common normal water possesses a unique sensitivity to sound vibrations.

The influence of physical fields upon the water »

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